Phonograph-driving mechanism



0. E. KELLUVI AND S. A. MUHDOCK.

PHONOGRAPH DRIVING MECHANISM.

APPLICATION HLED Jun/31.1917.

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0 E. KELLUM AND S. A. MURDOCK.

PHNOGRAPH DRIVING MECHANISM.

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o.. E. KELLUM AND s, A. MURI'JOCM.

PHONOGRAPH DRIVING MECHANISM.

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0. E. KELLUIVI AND S. A. IVIURDOCK.

PHONOGRAPH DRIVING MECHANISM.

APPLICATION FILED IULY31, ISI?.

)Patented July IIS, 192D.

6 SHEElS-SHEET 6.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ORLANDO 4IE. KELLUM AND SIDNEY A. MURDOCK, OF LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA; SAID MURDOCK ASSIGNOR TO SAID KELLM.

PHONOGRAPH-DRIVING MECHANISM.

Application led July 31, 1917.

'0 all whom it may concern.:

LUM and SIDNEY A. M'Ulznock, citizens of the United States, residing at Los Angeles,

in the county of Los Angeles, State of California, have invented new and useful lmprovements in Phonograph-Driving Mecha nism, of which the following is a, specification. This invention relates to continuous phonographs and the. like; being in the nature of an improvement upon that mechanism shown, described and claimed in application Serial No. 824,909, tiled November 3, 1915 by O. E. Kellum. In said application Kellum describes generally'a means 'for making a phonograph or a kinetograph or the like operate continuously; sol that a phonograph or kinetograph performance can be carried on indefinitely without any time limit as is now necessarily the case. ln this present application-we describe an improved form of mechanism as applied to a phonograph; but it will be understood that we do not limit the mechanism to such specific use. lt is an object of this present invention to provide an improved form of mechanism for causing continuous operation of a phonograph, or a machine for making or reproducing records; and it is an object of this invention to provide such mechanism in simplified form. lIn the former application mechanisms are described which are operated and controlled electrically. It is one of'the objects of this present invention to provide a form of mechanism entirely mechanical in its nature, capable of being easily made and economically manufactured and so designed and constructed as to be simple in operation and asto have long wearing qualities. It is also an yobject to provide such a mechanism .as can be made in compact form-#to provide for continuity of phonograph or other operationl without`v havingr to have a large, complicated or bulky y mechanism.

As broadly explained in said prior application, this. invention achieves continuityof a phonograph operation by using a plurality of record tables or carriers, and operating them in series, one after the other; this is done by utilizing a starting mechanismv which is controlled by the mechanism then running: that is, controlled elther from or by a constantly running motor or shaft, or

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented July 13, 1920.

Serial No, 183,707.

controlled from or by the record then being operated. For instance, in a typical construction, as explained in said application, there may be two record tables and a colistantly running motor adapted to be connected to either of the tables; and a starting motor adapted to be connected to either of the tables; said starting motor being of such a character as to be capable of synchronous operation and control. The connections between the constantly running motor and the starting motor, and the record tables, are automatically controlled (electrically. in that case) so that the operation is substantially this: That, just before one record is finished, the next record is brought up to speed by the starting motor; and then it is connected to a constantly running motor. All of these operations take place in proper predetermined synchronism, so that when the subsequent record is running at full speed, it is then running in proper continuity relation to the preceding record.

The general scheme of operation is the same in the machine of the present invention. However, we prefer to employ purely mechanical means. 7e employ a pair of record tab les adapted to be driven from a constantly running motor or a yconstantly running shaft. We employ a constantly 0p.

keeping the tables in perfect synchronism.Y

The control mechanism starts the connective media in actuation; once these connective media are started in actuatiomit then opel'- ates automatically to first bring the record up to normal speed and then thereafter to rotate that record at the normal speed until the. control mechanism again actuates the connective media to cause the record to stop. As will be seen from the following detailed description, all of these operations take place in such relation to each other that the record tables and records are kept and operated in a certain definite relation to each other. Thus, after these records have once been made in that certain definite relation,

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i then the mechanism will cause them to be always properly reproduced. ln fact, the mechanism we are now about to explain is, broadly `speaking, as much for the making of records as it is for their reproduction.

We now proceed to a detailed description of a preferred form of mechanisml embodying our invention; and for this purpose we have reference to the accompanying drawin s in whichigure 1 is a longitudinal side elevation of the mechanism; Fig. 2 is a plan section taken as indicated by line 2-2 on Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is an enlarged detail vertical section taken asfindicated byline 3-3 on Fig. 2; Fig. 4 is a detail section taken lon line 4-4 on Fig. 3; Fig. 5 is a detail section taken as indicated on line 5 5 on Fig. 3; Fig. 6 is a similar view .showing the parts in another position (hereinafter explained) Fig.l 7 is a plan section taken as'indicated by line 7--7 on Fig. 1, showing the parts in the position shown in F igs. 1, 2, 3, etc.; Fig. 8

. is a view similar to Fig. 7 showing the parts in another position; Fig. 9 is a further enlarged detail section as indicated. by lines 9-9 on Fi s. 2 and 7 Fig. 10 is anl enlarged detail section taken. as indicated by lines 10-10 on Figs. 2 and 3; and Fig. 11 is a small plan .of the machine.

Referring first more particularly to Figs. 1 and 2 we explain that our preferred form of mechanism may be mounted within or 'upon any suitable frame work 20, abovey which we place the two record tables 21 which carry the consecutive records 22. These records 22 may be registered upon the tables by pins 23 passing through apertures of the records, or the records may be registered in any other suitable manner. The tables are mounted on table shafts-24. Adjacent each of these table shafts there is a connective medium or driving mechanism M through the medium of which the two record tables are started and driven. Located preferably centrally between these two driving mechanisms we place the control mechanism (3. The whole machine may be driven from any suitable source of power, as from a constantly running electric motor. Such a motor may drive onto the gear 3(4) on the shaft 31 mounted in bearings 32; and this shaft 31 is connected by gears 33 and 34 with a shaft 35 which', in the description of this specific mechanism, we shall hereinafter term the constantly running shaft. Each of the driving mechanisms and the control mechanism is driven from this constantly running shaft 35. 1n' this particular machine a/commutator mechanism is provided at 36, comprising a rotating drum 37 mounted upon the shaft 31 and carrying contacts 38; and a series of-contact fingers 39. This commutator mechanism is designed to control the motor which ac tuates a kinetograph in synchronism with this phonograph; the control and actuation system being substan tially as is described in Patent No. 1027658 issued May 28, 1912 to O. E. Kellum.

We shall now rst explain the driving mechanisms; of Which there are two and one being shown in detail in Figs. 3 and 10. Near each table shaft 24 we mount a vertical driving shaft 40. This driving shaft rotates intermittently. A sleeve 41 is rotatively mounted upon the driving shaft 40 and this sleeve carries a spiral gear 42 which meshes with a spiral gear 43 upon shaft 35. Sleeve 41 is constantly driven in the direction indicated in the various views; and this sleeve 80 41 carries an arm 44, having a driving lug 45 at its outer end. Immediately above the upper end of the sleeve and above the arm 44 there is a member 46 rigidly mounted upon the shaft 40. This member 46 is in the nature of an arm which extends on both sides of the shaft, and Aat one end carries a pivot pin 47 on which a clutch arm 48 is pivotally mounted. 'This clutch arm 48 is of the shape shown in Fig. 7 and carries a 90 roller 49 at one end. A small tension spring 50 is connected between the otherv end of the clutch arm and the member 46, tending at all times to throw the roller 49 outwardly away from the shaft 40. The roller carrying end of the clutch arm carries also a downwardly projecting driving lug 51 Vadapted to be thrown into the path of they driving lug 45, so that the lug 45 may drive the lug 51, and thus, through the medium of member 48, drive member 46 and vthe shaft 40. These parts are shown in driving engagement at the right hand side of Fig. 7, and shown out of driving engagement at the left hand side in Fig. 7. The roller 49 105 travels upon an interior circular track 52 formed in a stationary plate 53. .This stationary plate 53 may be supported in any suitable manner. The frame of the machine is preferably made of top and bottom plates 2O and vertical spacing rods 2()t and the plates 53 may besupported upon these rods 20a. Now the inner circular track 52 is continuous except for a short open space or break which is filled by ai segmental gate 1}5 54 pivoted at 55. This gate 54 is opened and closed--thrown between the positions shown at the right and left in Fig. 8-by the control mechanism C. Thev action of the control mechanism will be hereinafter explained:

Shaft 40 entends on up to an upper bearing 60. A driving gear 61 is mounted upon a block 62 slidable upon the shaft 40: and the block 62 is rotatively connected with the 125 member 46 by means of a pin 63 mounted in 4 the member 46; the block 62 being verticallyA slidable on the pin. The block G2 and gear 61 have two definite positions upon the shaft 40, being shown in their upper position in `the plunger will enter an inclined notch 66,

and the, action of the spring pressed plunger upon this inclined notch, and the weight of the gear and block, will cause the gear to move immediately to its lowermost position.

This position is one in which the driving gear 61 meshes with a pinion 67 on table shaft 24. Immedately above the driving gear 61, and connected thereto by the sleeve or hub 70, we mount the starting driving gear 71. This starting driving gear is of variable pitch radius, its circumference being preferably on a spiral as is best shown ih Figs. and 6. When the gears are in their uppermost position (the gear 71 moves vertically with the gear 61)` the gear 71 meshes with a similar gear 72 mounted upon the table shaft 24. When these gears are in mesh, and when the table shaft 24 and the driving mechanism M is standing at rest, the gears 71 and 72 normally stand in the position illustrated in Figs. 2 and 5. This is a position corresponding to the position of the parts shown at the left in Fig. 7. The driving mechanism is stopped by the roller 49 entering the opening made by the gate 54 when the gate is thrown to the position vshown in Fig. 7; theV roller 49 striking the shoulder 52a thus exposed by the outward movement of the gate. In this position of the parts a small beveled faced lug 73 on the upper end of the hub 70 has just passed a stationary beveled faced lug 74 which is mounted upon the bearing 60. These lugs having just passed each other, when'the mechanism comes to rest, the gears 61 and 71 may then be raised tov the position shown in Fig. 3. This is done, at present, by a manual operation. In the present form of machine it makes for simplicity to accomplish this operation manually. But the invention is not limited to such an operation. We .provide a handle at 75 mounted upon a pivot 'shaft at 76, an'd fromthis pivot shaft a pair of-rods 477`extend beneath thelgear 61.

' These rods 77 are normally held down by a small spring't78. Pressing down on handle 75 raises the rods Y77 againstthe gear and aises the gears tothe position shown in 4`ig. 3. I

In the position of rest of the driving mechanism and shaft 40,'the table shaft 24 and table 21 are in a certain definite position, such as the position shown at the left vin Fig. 11. This certain definite relationis maintained between the shaft .40 and shaft will be noted that the minimum radius of the gear 72 is the same as the radius of the driving pinion 67. These two gears 72 and 67 are set upon a sleeve 80 and are fixed in position relative to each other, and to the shaft 24. One of the teeth 67a of gear 67 is continued on upwardly along the sleeve 80 and may register with one of the teeth 72a of the gear 72. When the parts are in their position of rest, this long tooth 67 a is always in mesh with the teeth of gear 61; sothat the gear 61 may be moved vertically without losing its proper mesh relation to the gear 67 This mesh relation is shown in Fig. 4.

In order to clearly explain this driving mechanism we' shall now explain its operation before proceeding to an explanation of the control mechanism. Wre refer now particularly1 to the showing at the left hand side of ig. 7, etc. The driving arm 44 and lug 45 constantly rotate; and, when the table is at rest, the gate 54 is standing in the position shown in Fig. 7, with the roller 49 in the position there shown, and the lug 52a out ofthe path of lug 54. At the'time itis wished to start the table the control mechanism closes the gate 54 and thereby throws the lug 52a into the path of driving lug 45. In the next revolution the lug 45 will pick up the lug 52a and begin to drive it.

. Through the medium of the driving connections, `hereinbefore explained, the gears 61 and 71 are started in revolution.

seen that the gears 71 and 72 are in mesh at the minimum radius of gear 71 and the maximum radius of gear 72, so that the shaft 24 is started slowly. As these gears 71 and 72 revolve, the gear ratio changes so that, when the gears have turned through approximately a whole revolution, then the maximum radius part of gear 71 is in meshl with the minimum radius part of the gear 72. These two gears are duplicates, with equal numbers of teeth, so that, although the gear ratiok changes during each revolution, they will make revolution for revolution with each other. This being the case, when the table shaft 24 has Inadeapproximately a whole revolution, and when the singletooth 67a has been carried around apthen the rotating lug 73 strikes the sta tionary lug 74; and during the subsequent rotation of .the parts from the position shown in F 1g. 6 to the position shown .In the' position shown in Figs. 2 and 5, it will be to-one drive to proceed until the gate 54 is again opened. When this occurs, the roller 49 strikes shoulder 52d and the parts are stopped again in the position shown in Figs. 2, 4 and 5.

gear Gl is in mesh with the single tooth 67a; and this meshing keeps the gears 71 and l7 2 in fixed relation, so that the gear 71will slip into mesh with gear 72 in exactly its proper relation.

It will now be seen that the table shaft 24 is always in a fixed relation to the driving shaft 40. This is true even though the table 25 shaft at one time makes a whole revolution for a whole revolution of the driving shaft and then thereafter makes four revolutions for every revolution of the driving shaft. It is the function of the driving mechanism to start the table from a certain definite position, bring it up to speed, and then allow the table to be stopped in a certain definite position. It is the function of the control mechanism to so control the driving mechanism as to cause it to rotate the table through a certain definite number of revolutions, no more, and no less. This is effected by closing and opening the gate 54 at certain definite times. F or instance, the control mechanism closes the gate 54 during a certain revolution of the driving lug that is, latany time in that revolution after the driving lug has passed lu(T 51 and before it reaches that lug again. I-aving thus closed the gate,the driv- 45 ing mechanism operation rbegins when the driving lug 45 reaches the lug 51. After a certain definite number of revolutions of the lug 51, then, at some time after the Aroller 49 has passed the shoulder 52a and before it 50 passes that shoulder again, the gate 54 is opened; and the driving mechanism comes to a stop, It will be seen that by this system of operation the control mechanism need only to be so accurate as to cause the closiing and opening of they gate within a certain definite time period represented approximatelyA by a revolution of the driving lug 45. revolutions per minute; so that the control mechanism has very nearly three seconds' time period in which the control operation l may be effected. The gears 42 and 43 are of one to one ratio: the constantly running shaft 35 rotating at a speed of 20 revolutions per minute. The control mechanism In this position the gears 6l Y and 71 may be moved upwardly while ther The driving lug 45 travels at about 20 shaft 90 is driven throughthe, medium of worm gears 91 and 92 from the shaft 35 at a ratio one to one hundred thirty-six; so that the control shaft'90 makes, in this case, a complete revolution in 408 seconds.v One revolution of the control shaft 90, and of the control cam 93, causes each of the driving mechanisms M to go through a complete cycle. That is, a period of 408 seconds elapses between successive startings or stop- 75 pings Aof either of the record tables. This particular time perioohr is only selected because one-half of `that time period, 204 seconds, is approximately the time periodof some standard records. But this time period may be changed by changing the ratio of gears 91 and 92; for instance, the time period for each record maybe about six mmutes. Of course, it will be understood, andv is more fully hereinafter explained, that the actual sound reproduction from each record extends somewhat over this exact time period; the sound reproduction on each record overlaps the sound reproduction on the other record at both ends. v This is done by causing each record to rotate a little over one half of the complete period of the control mechanism, and stand still a little less than one half. This is fully explained hereinafter. The control cam 93 is of a peculiar 95 configuration, and its construction and operation are best explained by reference to Figs. 7, 8 and 9. The cam has an outer track consisting of a circular part 94 which extendsv through approximately half the circumfer- 101 ence of the cam. At the back end of this part 94 (the revolution is in the direction indicated) there is a diagonal surface 95 leading inwardly to a circular surface 96 which then extends on around lto a sharp shoulder 101 97 which then dropsjoutwardly directly to the beginning end `of'thecircular surface 94. 'f This shoulder`97 is peferablymade zon a circumference whose lcenter,lwhenl the cam i l is approximately 'in the position shown` in 11( Fig. 7, is on the'pivot'.. Theirner'- track l of the cam has a largecircularsurface"94,l which. parallels. surface. 94 of the'outer track through a part of itsxleng'th.l ."At'the rear, end ofy the surface" 94?, :andfapproximatelyf11: opposite therear end'of'jsurface 94,l thehin''` ner trackv has fa 'sharp Adrop-off ishoulder97a, f p formed on a ,circumference whoseceIIterQiS"` at 55 (at the right) when thepartsreach the position shown in ig. 8. ThisShQulder 12( 94L drops inwardly'tothe innercirculars,ur-v face 96u of vthe track; and this Vinnercircula-r ,Y surface then proceeds. .around 1to1andy parel# lels the surface96 Vof the outer track to a point opposite the shoulder 97 ,and then 12 the inner track has a diagonal surface 95 which leads diagonally outwardly to the be. ginning end of the surface 94a.

Upon each pivot 55 we pivot a pair of arms, a short arm and a long arm 101. 18

arms 104 and 105 on the pivots 55, and between the outer ends of these two arms we place a spring 106 tending to pull the two arms together. These two arms 104 and 105 are mounted between the arms 100 and 101. That is, the arm 101 is uppermost and the arm 100 is lowermost, and the two arms 105 and 104 are between. The pin 103, on

, the uppermost arm 101 extends down past the arms 104 and 105 Iinto the cam groove and thus'may strike either arm 104 or 105. The pin 102 on arm v100 not only extends down into the cam groove but also extends upwardly far enough to strike arm 105 but not far lenough to strike arm 101. Thus both pins 102v and 103 may engage the inner edges of either of the arms 104 and 105 without engaging the other arm 100 or 101.

Suppose now that the parts are in the position shown in Fig. 7. This is the position assumed when the left hand driving mechanism is just about to then stop operation- The left hand gate 54 is open and the right hand gate 54 is closed. The cam 93 is rotating in the direction indicated. A very slight rotation from the position shown in Fig. 7 will bring the shoulder 97 to the pin 102 of the left hand mechanism and the pin 102 will immediately drop over the shoulder 97, being urged by the spring 106 which pulls upon the arm 104, and the arm 104 bearing upon the pin 102. This pin 102 is thus urged outwardly toa position against the outer track surface 94. 1n thus moving. the pin 102 passes under the arm 101. The arm 104 is beneath the arm 105 and the pin 102 extends up far enough to engage the arm 104 and the arm 105 but will pass under the arm 101. The arm 104 is beneath the arm 105 and the pin 102 eX- tends up far enough to engage the arm 104 and the arm 105 but will pass under the arm 101. This movement of arm 100 closes the gate 54 and the left hand driving nechanism then starts operation. The two pins 103 and 102 then follow around the cam groove against the surface 94. lt will be noted that the pin 103 is held outwardly by the surface 94a when the pin 102 reaches the shoulder 97. The pin 103 engages the arm 105 and thus puts a tension on spring 10G. The difference in length between arms 100 and 101 is that necessary to put the pin 103 far enough ahead of pin 102 to cause the described operation to take place. Pin 103 and arm'101 perform merelythe functions of putting a tension uponw'the spring 106 to cause the desired movements of the pin 102 and arm 100.

Vv' hen the pin 102 of the left hand mechanism drops off the shoulder 97, the shoulder 97a has not quite reached the pin 102 of the right hand mechanism. In other words, the gate 54 of the left hand mechanism has closed before the gate 54 of the right hand mechanism is opened. A further slight rotation of the control cam brings shoulder 97a to the pin 102 of the right hand'mechanism; and then the pin 102 of the right hand mechanism drops over shoulder 97 onto circular surface 96a (see Fig. 8). The pin 103 is already riding on circular surface 96, having been pushed inwardly by the diagonal surface 95 and having thus put a tension on spring 106, so that spring 106, through the medium of arm 105, moves the pin 102 quickly inwardly over the shoulder 97a. The two pins 103 and 102 then follow around the groove between the surfaces 96 and 96a. The dropping of pin 102 over shoulder 97a causes the opening of gate 54 of the right hand mechanism, causing that mechanism to stop in the manner hereinbefore described. The position of the various parts, when the above described movements have just taken place, is shown in Fig. 8.

The control cam continues to rotate until it has reached a position diametrically opposite to that shown in Fig. 7. Then it reaches this position then operations exactly' the reverse of those just described will take place. That is, the cam will first cause the arm 100 of the right hand mechanism to be moved outwardly (just as it before caused the arm 100 of the left hand mechanism to be moved outwardly) and will cause the gate 54 of the right hand mechanism to close, starting that mechanism in operation; and then; immediately afterward, it will cause the arm 100 of the left hand mechanism to be moved inwardly (just as before it caused the arm of the right hand mechanism to be moved inwardly) and will thus cause the gate 54 of the left handmechanism to be opened, causing the left hand mechanism to stop. The right and left hand driving mechanisms will th'en be in the conditions shown in Fig. 7. The cam 93 conloo iio

tinues to rotate until it has again reached for instance the shoulder 97a, is a little behind aposition diametrically opposite to nism is slightly greater than the period of inaction (causing the over-lap hereinbefore mentioned) yet the points at which the start and stop actions come are always exactly the same for each of the two mechanisms. Consequently, each of the record tables will make exactly the same number of revolutions each time it is operated, and will then remain at rest during a certain time period, represented by a certain exact number of revolutions. Under these circumstances it is seen that consecutive continuous records may be easily made or reproduced. A record is placed upon one of the tables, which table is in a certain definite position. Afterthe record has come up to speed, the making or reproduction of the record is commenced. During the operation of this record, another record is Iplaced upon the other table, which is then at rest, in its certain definite position. The operation of the moving record is continuedl to its end; and, just before this record reaches its end, the previously still record has commenced to rotate. As soon as the second record has reached normal speed, andvbefore the first record stops, the operation of making or reproducing the second record has begun. Thus, it will be seen that there may be a short period of overlap in which both records will be taking or reproducing exactly the same sound, in exact synchronism with each other. This synchronous succession of records can be kept up indefinitely. The operator merely places a succeeding record upon the table at rest, and, in this particular form of machine, also presses down upon the handle 75. This` and the removal of the used records from the tables when they come to rest, is all that is required of the operator.

On the control cam we place a cam 110 for controlling the engagement of the needle with the record; in this case illustrated as a means for controlling the engagement of the reproducer needle with the record. This cam 110 has a single depression 111 in its upper edge, into which depression either one of a pair of cam followers 112 may drop. These cam followers are pivoted at 118 and are connected at 114 with a vertically slidable rod 115. 'The rods 115 are raised by spring 116 and are normally held down by the engagement of the follower 112 with the surface of the cam. When the follower 112 drops into the notch 11,'the rod 115 is raised by spring 116. To each of the vertical rods 115 there is connected a horizontal arm or rod 117 (Figs. 2 and 11) which projects horizontally across the record under the sound box 118; and when either of these arms are raised the corresponding sound box is raised and the needle 1s raised off the `Thereafter the follower 112 is again raised by the cam, causing the sound box to be lowered; or causing the arm 117 to be lowered so that the sound box and needle can manually be lowered into proper position in the first groove of the record which is next placed upon the table just stopped. The raising of the'sound box and needle in this manner prevents any scratchy noise from the record then being stopped.

Havingdescribed a preferred form of our invention, we claim:

1. In combination, a plurality of driving mechanisms each with a driven shaft, a constantly running means connectible to either of said mechanisms, mechanical means in positive coperation with the driving mechanisms to bring the driven shaft up to speed, and control means to control connection of the driving mechanisms with the constantly running means.

2. In combination, a plurality of driving mechanisms each with a driven shaft, a constantly running means connectible to either of said mechanisms, mechanical means in positive cooperation with the driving mechanisms to bring the driven shaft up to speed, and mechanical control means to control connection of the driving mechanisms with the constantly running means.

Infcombination, a plurality of drivin mechanisms each with a driven shaft an including positive means for bringing the shaft up to normal speed and then driving it at normal speed, ,a constantly running means connectible to either of said mechanisms, and control means to control connection of the driving mechanisms with the constantly runningmea-ns.

l. In combination, a plurality of. driving mechanisms each'with a driven shaft and including positive means for bringing the shaft up to normal speed and then driving it at normal speed, a constantly running means connectible to either of said mechanisms, and mechanical control means to control connection of the driving mechanisms with the constantly running means.

5. In combination, a plurality of driving mechanisms each with a driven shaft and each including positive mechanical means for bringing the shaft up to normal speed and then driving it at normal speed, a constantly running means connectible to either driving mechanism, and mechanical control means to control connection of the driving mechanisms with the constantly running means.

G. ln combination, a plurality of driving inechanisn'is each with a driven shaft and each including positive mechanical means for bringing the shaft up to normal speed and then driving it at normal speed, a constantly ruiming means connectible to either driving mechanism, and mechanical control meaiis driven from the constantly running means to control connection of the driving mechanisms with the constantlyv ruiming means.

T. vIn combination, a. plurality of driving mechanisms each with a driven shaft and eich including positivey mechanical means for bringing the shaft up to normal speed and then driving it at normal speed, a con stantly ruiming means coiiiiectible to either driving mechanism, and mechanical control means driven from the constantly running n lans to control connection of the driving mechanisms with the constantly running means, said control means including a control cam driven constantly from the constantly running means.

o. In a device of the character described, a driven shaft, a driving shaft, gearing connection between the two shafts to cause the driven shaft to be driven at a constant speed from the driving shaft, gearing connection between the two shafts to cause the driven shaft to be driven at an increasing speed from the driving shaft, and means to control tlie operation of said gearing connections.

9. ln a device of the character described, a driven shaft, a driving shaft, a driviiL,r pinion and a variable radius gear on the driven shaft, a driving gear on the driving shaft adapted to mesh with the pinion on the driven shaft, a variable radius gear on the driving shaft adapted to mesh with the variable radius gear on the driven shaft, the gear on said driving shaft being slidably mounted thereon, and means to slide said gears to throw them into and out of mesh with the gears on the-driven shafts.

1t). ln a device of the character described, a driven shaft, a driving shaft. a driving pinion and a variable radius gear on the diiveii shaft, a driving gear on the driving shaft adapted to mesh with the pinion on the driven shaft, a variable radius gear on the driving shaft adapted to mesh with the variable radius gear on the driven shaft, the gear on said driving shaft being slidably mounted thereon, and fixed in ielative rotative relation to each other, means to slide the di'iving shaft gears into and out of mesh with the gears on the driven shaft, and means to maintain proper rotative relation between the gears on the driven shaft and the gears on the (.lriving shaft during the period of sliding of the gears on the driving shaft.

l1. In a device of the character described, ay driven shaft, a driving shaft, a driving pinion and a variable radius gear on the driven shaft, a driving gear on the driving shaft adapted to mesh with the pinion on the driven shaft, a variable radius gear on the driving shaft adapted to mesh with the variable radius gear on the driven shaft, the gears on said driving shaft being slidably mounted thereon and fixed in relative rotative relation to each other, means to vslide the driving shaft gears into and out of mesh with the gears on the driven shaft, and means to maintain proper rotative relation between the gears on Ithe driven shaft and the gears on the driving shaft during the period of sliding of the gears on the driving shaft, said means embodying a single gear tooth extending between the two gears on the driven shaft, and being an eX- tensioii of one of the teeth of the driving pinion on that shaft. f

12. In combination, a plurality of driving mechanisms each with a driven shaft and each including mechanical means for bringing the shaft up to normal speed and then driving it at normal speed, a constantly ruiming shaft, clutch means connecting the driving mechanisms to the constantly ruiming shaft and mechanical control means actuating said cliitch means.

13. In combination, av plurality of driving mechanisms each with a driven shaft and each including mechanical means for bringing the, shaft up to normal speed and then driving it at normal speed, a constantly running shaft, clutch means connecting the driving mechanisms to the constantly running shaft and inechanical control means actuating said clutch means, said control Ymeans embodying a control cani-coustantly driven from the constantly running shaft.

,ln witness that we claim the foregoing wc have hereunto subscribed our names.

ORLAD() ll. l( CLLTM. SIDNEY A. MRDOCK.

lVitness:

JAMiis T. BARKELEW. 

